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Dosage Compensation of the X Chromosomes in Bovine Germline, Early Embryos, and Somatic Tissues

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Duan, Jingyue (Ellie) 1 ; Shi, Wei 2 ; Jue, Nathaniel K. 3 ; Jiang, Zongliang 4 ; Kuo, Lynn 2 ; O'Neill, Rachel 5 ; Wo 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA

2.Univ Connecticut, Dept Stat, Storrs, CT 06269 USA

3.Calif State Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Monterey, CA USA

4.Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA

5.Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT USA

6.Ludwig Maximilians Univ Muunchen, Gene Ctr, Munich, Germany

7.Ludwig Maximilians Univ Muunchen, Dept Biochem, Munich, Germany

8.Xinjiang Acad Anim Sci, Inst Anim Sci, Urumqi, Xinjiang, Peoples R China

关键词： Ohno's hypothesis; X dosage compensation; preattachment embryos; bovine

期刊名称：GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION （ 影响因子：3.416； 五年影响因子：4.079 ）

ISSN： 1759-6653

年卷期： 2019 年 11 卷 1 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Dosage compensation of the mammalian X chromosome (X) was proposed by Susumu Ohno as a mechanism wherein the inactivation of one X in females would lead to doubling the expression of the other. This would resolve the dosage imbalance between eutherian females (XX) versus male (XY) and between a single active X versus autosome pairs (A). Expression ratio of X- and A-linked genes has been relatively well studied in humans and mice, despite controversial results over the existence of upregulation of X-linked genes. Here we report the first comprehensive test of Ohno's hypothesis in bovine preattachment embryos, germline, and somatic tissues. Overall an incomplete dosage compensation (0.5 < X:A < 1) of expressed genes and an excess X dosage compensation (X:A > 1) of ubiquitously expressed "dosage-sensitive" genes were seen. No significant differences in X:A ratios were observed between bovine female and male somatic tissues, further supporting Ohno's hypothesis. Interestingly, preimplantation embryos manifested a unique pattern of X dosage compensation dynamics. Specifically, X dosage decreased after fertilization, indicating that the sperm brings in an inactive X to the matured oocyte. Subsequently, the activation of the bovine embryonic genome enhanced expression of X-linked genes and increased the X dosage. As a result, an excess compensation was exhibited from the 8-cell stage to the compact morula stage. The X dosage peaked at the 16-cell stage and stabilized after the blastocyst stage. Together, our findings confirm Ohno's hypothesis of X dosage compensation in the bovine and extend it by showing incomplete and over-compensation for expressed and "dosage-sensitive" genes, respectively.

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